AAA in CDMA 2000 part 1

Before we learn about Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) in CDMA 2000, we must know CDMA 2000 network. Therefore, here, I provide the summary so we can refresh our memory about CDMA 2000 network. Yeah, this only summary, for detail you can click the link that I provide above. CDMA 2000 network can divide in three entities which are:

• Radio Network (RN) consist of Base Station (BS) and PCF
• Circuit switched core network consist of MSC, Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Home Location Register (HLR)
• Packet data core network which consist of PDSN, HA, and AAA

Ok, after refresh our memory, now we learn AAA in CDMA 2000. AAA is abbreviation from Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. Authentication validate if the user is valid or legal. Authorization checks the access right. Accounting use to track about who, what, when, and where the request come and to where response will send. AAA is very important in wireless network service because of roaming characteristic and there are user identities that must always be guard. AAA also need to always track the user activities in real time.

Mobile Station (MS) authentication is did trough radio network (RN) and IP network. In IP network authentication,

1. Radio Network AAA

2. IP Network AAA

MS use Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) for traditional service, and use Foreign Agent Challenge (FAC) for Mobile IP service. Note that both of these authentications still use the same AAA infrastructure.
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Radius in NET-NET Session Border Controllers (SBC) of ACME Packet

Acme Packet enables service providers to deliver trusted, first class interactive communications—voice, video and multimedia sessions—across IP network borders. ACME Packet Net-Net family of session border controllers satisfy critical security, service assurance and regulatory requirements in wireline, cable and wireless networks. ACME packet deployments support multiple applications—from VoIP trunking to hosted enterprise and residential services; multiple protocols—SIP, H.323, MGCP/NCS and H.248; and multiple border points—interconnect, access network and data center.

Established in August 2000 by networking industry veterans, Acme Packet is a public company trading on the NASDAQ and headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Using Radius Accounting with NET-NET SBC

RADIUS is an accounting, authentication, and authorization (AAA) system. In general,RADIUS servers are responsible for receiving user connection requests, authenticating users, and returning all configuration information necessary for the client to deliver service to the user.ACME Packet can configure our Net-Net SBC to send call accounting information to one or more RADIUS servers. This information can help you to see usage and QoS metrics, monitor traffic, and even troubleshoot your system. In order to use RADIUS with our Net-Net SBC, we must have the accounting license installed and activated on our system.

For H.323, SIP, and calls being interworked between H.323 and SIP (IWF), we can obtain sets of records that contain information to help you with accounting and that provide a quantitative and qualitative measurement of the call. For H.323 and SIPcalls, the Net-Net SBC generates one set of records; for calls requiring IWF, the Net-Net SBC generates two sets of records.We can use the RADIUS records generated by Net-Net SBC to assist us with:

• Usage accounting—See the calling and called parties for a call, the protocol used, the realm the call traversed (as well as local and remote IP address and port information), and the codec used
• Traffic monitoring—You can see information about the setup, connect, and disconnect times, as well as the SIP or H.323 disconnect cause
• SLA monitoring—The Net-Net SBC supports RADIUS attributes that provide information about jitter, latency, and loss for H.323, SIP, and calls that require interworking between H.323 and SIP
• Troubleshooting—Obtain information about calls that can help you to identify and address issues with quality and how calls are setup and torn down.

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ESIA Hidayah : An Brew Application

Welcoming the Ramadhan Season, BTEL launched a new Huawei handsets packaged as “Hape Esia Hidayah” along with its services, consisting of two pre-embedded BREW applications. The applications will have interaction with backend servers, hosted at BTEL’s core network, utilizing the 1x RTT data services. As like other BREW application, this hidayah application set to work in low end mobile phone (Huawei 26xx series).



Hape Esia Hidayah consists of two applications as follows:

1. AdzanCell

This is an Adzan reminder application that can give alarm for Muslims five prayer times plus Imsak. It supports schedule for 370 different cities across Indonesia. The service is available in weekly subscription base.

Interaction with backend server is required for:

• Application login
• Subscription / un-subscription
• City list browsing
• Adzan schedule download (require 1 time in each subscription period)

2. QuranCell

This is a reader application that provides Quran content in Arabic text along with its translation in Bahasa Indonesia. Due to handset’s memory capacity limitation, the content is stored on the backend server, and is viewable from the client application. The service is available in weekly subscription base.

Interaction with backend server is required for:

• Application login
• Subscription / un-subscription
• Quran Arabic and text content

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HP IPAQ 212

Processor: Marvell PXA310 processor 624 MHz

Memory: 128 MB SDRAM and 256 MB Flash ROM

Navigation Button: 5-way buttons with 4 SMART buttons

Input Method: Touchscreen

Battery: Removable/rechargeable 2200 mAh Lithium-polymer

AC Adapter: Yes

Connectivity: 802.11b/g with WPA2 security; Bluetooth 2.0 with EDR




Wireless LAN: Yes, 802.11b/g with WPA2 security

Integrated Bluetooth: Yes, Bluetooth 2.0 with EDR

Display: 4.0-inch VGA 640 x 480 TFT with touch screen, 65K colors 18-bit

Audio: Available

Integrated GSM/GPRS: Not Available

Multimedia: Integrated microphone, receiver, speaker, mini-USB for stereo headset, 3 Megapixel, CMOS sensor, auto focus, 4X digital zoom

Expansion Slots: 1 SD-IO and 1 CompactFlash HC (high-capacity)

Operating System: Microsoft® Windows Mobile® 6.0 Classic

Other Software: Windows Mobile Office Outlook; Windows Mobile Office; Internet Explorer Mobile; Windows Media Player Mobile; Microsoft ActiveSync; Windows Mobile Device Center; MSN Messenger; Games; Calculator; Audio Recorder

Dimensions: 75.4 x 17.5 x 133.9 mm

Weight: 190 g

Price: around US$ 544


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Can Mobile Phones Help Dexterity and IQ?

A new and utile dimension in the life of all human beings is the mobile phone. All of us wish to possess one because of its multifaceted benefits. There are some intangible benefits delivered by the mobile phones. The basic requirements that are met with mobile phones like the messaging and conversing are found to enhance the life of people.

Mobile Phones in Literacy and grammar

There may be many debates on the presumed usefulness of mobile phones. Researches and surveys are conducted everywhere to prove the true facts about these gizmos. With the advent of mobile phones, especially the messaging feature, there have been citations of several threats on the grammar and spelling consistencies of school pupil. But the text speak, as the short terms which children use to communicate in the form of SMS over mobile phone, is referred to as, has some positive effects on the literacy rates among the youngsters.

There is a finding that clearly portrays that the part of children with better spelling and writing skills was constituted by those who used the most textisms. There are few other researches which concluded that there were no substantial differences in the literary skills of people who use textism and those who do not. It also emphasizes that the texting, though neutral on the grammar or spelling, may sabotage the quality and expressiveness in the writing of a child. It clearly describes that the incisive texters wrote significantly less when asked to delineate a picture or occurrence than those who did not do much texting.

Mobile Phones meliorating Reading Abilities

There are excogitations to deploy new services through mobile phones that encourage people to read books. This helps in contributing to the increase in the literacy statistics of the UK which has about five million of its adult population with the inability to read. This does not mean that the mobile phone is a surplus teaching aid. There are thousands of modern books and classics available to be downloaded onto your phone. A new technique to try and make the idea more exciting to those who are not fascinated by reading is to flash words one at a time, at speed, to the mobile screen.

Improving and Struggling with Dexterity

Mobile phones today are becoming fiddler and smaller with the embellishments happening over them. This is done to serve the purpose of the ease of use to the young and nimble fingered people aiding them to amend their dexterity but for the rest of them this result in fat fingering. Although the mobile phones are designed simply with good and easy to push buttons, if you wish to ace the usage of your mobile phone, it is better to try at the first place before deciding to buy one.

Mobile Phones that Aid Dexterity

There are some people who are not so dexterous. Some latest mobile phones are designed with an eye on the needs of such people too. Several features like the Voice-activated dialing that allow users to dial numbers without the use of keypad by voice recognition, Speed dialing or one-touch dialing that enables the user to dial a number at the touch of a button, pre-set text messages facilitating the user to send a number of standard text messages that are reusable and predictive text messaging that aids in minimizing the number of keystrokes done to send a text. This characteristic works by predicting the words you intend to type based on previous messages or common words and is very useful in aiding dexterity.

Even though there are cases reported where text messaging and e-mailing retards the activities of brain, the advantage of mobile phones UK overweigh these shortcomings.
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